Persia; and Herodotus gives an equally naive account of this deliberation。
§ 47
In the present day; the Constitution of a country and people is not represented as so entirely
dependent on free and deliberate choice。 The fundamental but abstractly (and therefore
imperfectly) entertained conception of Freedom; has resulted in the Republic being very generally
regarded … in theory … as the only just and true political constitution。 Many even; who occupy
elevated official positions under monarchical constitutions … so far from being opposed to this idea
… are actually its supporters; only they see that such a constitution; though the best; cannot be
realised under all circumstances; and that … while men are what they are … we must be satisfied
with less freedom; the monarchical constitution … under the given circumstances; and the present
moral condition of the people … being even regarded as the most advantageous。 In this view also;
the necessity of a particular constitution is made to depend on the condition of the people in such a
way as if the latter were non…essential and accidental。 This representation is founded on the
distinction which the reflective understanding makes between an idea and the corresponding
reality; holding to an abstract and consequently untrue idea; not grasping it in its pleteness; or …
which is virtually; though not in point of form; the same … not taking a concrete view of a people
and a state。 We shall have to show further on that the constitution adopted by a people makes one
substance … one spirit … with its religion; its art and philosophy; or; at least; with its conceptions and
thoughts … its culture generally; not to expatiate upon the additional influences; ab extra; of
climate; of neighbours; of its place in the world。 A State is an individual totality; of which you
cannot select any particular side; although a supremely important one; such as its political
constitution; and deliberate and decide respecting it in that isolated form。 Not only is that
constitution most intimately connected with and dependent on those other spiritual forces; but the
form of the entire moral and intellectual individuality … prising all the forces it embodies … is
only a step in the development of the grand Whole; … with its place pre…appointed in the process: a
fact which gives the highest sanction to the constitution in question; and establishes its absolute
necessity。 …The origin of a State involves imperious lordship on the one hand; instinctive
submission on the other。 But even obedience … lordly power; and the fear inspired by a ruler … in
itself implies some degree of voluntary connection。 Even in barbarous states this is the case; it is
not the isolated will of individuals that prevails; individual pretensions are relinquished; and the
general will is the essential bond of political union。 This unity of the general and the particular is the
Idea itself; manifesting itself as a State; and which subsequently undergoes further development
within itself。 The abstract yet necessitated process in the development of truly independent states is
as follows: … They begin with regal power; whether of patriarchal or military origin。 In the next
phase; particularity and individuality assert themselves in the form of Aristocracy and Democracy。
Lastly; we have the subjection of these separate interests to a single power; but which can be
absolutely none other than one outside of which those spheres have an independent position; viz。;
the Monarchical。 Two phases of royalty; therefore; must be distinguished; … a primary and a
secondary one。 This process is necessitated; so that the form of government assigned to a
particular stage of development must present itself: it is therefore no matter of choice; but is that