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第102部分(第3页)

Russia and China; and extended his empire from Mongolia to Europe。

C。 1141–1209: The Persian poet Nizami lived。 He wrote the romantic epic the

Quintet;  prised  of  the  following  stories;  all  of  which  have  inspired

miniaturist  painters:  The  Treasury  of  Mysteries;  Hüsrev  and  Shirin;  Leyla  and

Mejnun; The Seven Beauties and The Book of Alexander the Great。

1258: The Sack of Baghdad。 Hulagu (reigned 1251–1265); the grandson of

Genghis Khan; conquered Baghdad。

1300–1922:  The  Ottoman  Empire;  a  Sunni  Muslim  power;  ruled  south…

eastern Europe; the Middle East and North Africa。 At its greatest extent; the

empire reached the gates of Vienna and Persia。

1370–1405: Reign of the Turkic ruler Tamerlane。 Subdued the areas that the

Blacksheep ruled in Persia。 Tamerlane conquered areas from Mongolia to the

Mediterranean  including  parts  of  Russia;  India;  Afghanistan;  Iran;  Iraq  and

Anatolia (where he defeated the Ottoman Sultan Bayazid I in 1402)。

1370–1526:  The  Timurid  Dynasty;  established  by  Tamerlane;  fostered  a

brilliant revival of artistic and intellectual life; and ruled in Persia; central Asia

and Transoxiana。 The schools of miniature painting at Shiraz; Tabriz and Herat

flourished  under  the  Timurids。  In  the  early  fifteenth  century  Herat  was  the

center of painting in the Islamic world and home to the great master Bihzad。

1375–1467: The Blacksheep; a Turkmen tribal federation; ruled over parts of

Iraq;  eastern  Anatolia  and  Iran。  Jihan  Shah  (reigned  1438–67);  the  last

Blacksheep ruler; was defeated by the Whitesheep Tall Hasan in 1467。

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1378–1502:  The  Whitesheep  federation  of  Turkmen  tribes  ruled  northern

Iraq;  Azerbaijan  and  eastern  Anatolia。  Whitesheep  ruler  Tall  Hasan  (reigned

1452–78)  failed  in  his  attempts  to  contain  the  eastward  expansion  of  the

Ottomans; but he defeated the Blacksheep Jihan Shah in 1467 and the Timurid

Abu Said in 1468; extending his dominions to Baghdad; Herat; and the Persian

Gulf。

1453: Ottoman Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror took Istanbul。 Demise of

the  Byzantine  Empire。  Sultan  Mehmet  later  missioned  his  portrait  from

Bellini。

1501–1736: The  Safavid  Empire  ruled  in  Persia。  The  establishment  of  Shia

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