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第102部分(第4页)

Islam as the state religion helped unify the empire。 The seat of the empire was

at first located in Tabriz; then moved to Kazvin; and later; to Isfahan。 The first

Safavid  ruler;  Shah  Ismail  (reigned  1501–24);  subdued  the  areas  that  the

Whitesheep ruled in Azerbaijan and Persia。 Persia weakened appreciably during

the rule of Shah Tahmasp I (reigned 1524–76)。

1512:  The  Flight  of  Bihzad。  The  great  miniaturist  Bihzad  emigrated  from

Herat to Tabriz。

1514:  The  Plunder  of  the  Seven  Heavens  Palace。  The  Ottoman  Sultan

Selim the Grim; after defeating the Safavid army at Chaldiran; plundered the

Seven  Heavens  Palace  in  Tabriz。  He  returned  to  Istanbul  with  an  exquisite

collection of Persian miniatures and books。

1520–66:  Süleyman  the  Magnificent  and  the  Golden  Age  of  Ottoman

Culture。 The reign of Ottoman Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent。 Important

conquests  expanded  the  empire  to  the  east  and  the  west;  including  the  first

seige of Vienna (1529) and the capture of Baghdad from the Safavids (1535)。

1556–1605:  Reign  of  Akbar;  Emperor  of  Hindustan;  a  descendant  of

Tamerlane and Genghis Khan。 He established miniaturists’ workshops in Agra。

1566–74: The reign of Ottoman Sultan Selim II。 Peace treaties signed with

Austria and Persia。

1571:  The  Battle  of  Lepanto。  A  four…hour  naval  battle  between  allied

Christian  forces  and  the  Ottomans  subsequent  to  the  Ottoman  invasion  of

Cyprus  (1570)。  Though  the  Ottomans  were  defeated;  Venice  surrendered

Cyprus  to  the  Ottomans  in  1573。  The  battle  had  great  impact  on  European

morale and was the subject of paintings by Titian; Tintoretto and Veronese。

1574–95: The reign of Ottoman Sultan Murat III (during whose rule the

events of our novel take place)。 His rule witnessed a series of struggles between

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1578–90  known  as  the  Ottoman…Safavid  wars。  He  was  the  Ottoman  sultan

most  interested  in  miniatures  and  books;  and  he  had  the  Book  of  Skills;  the

Book  of  Festivities  and  the  Book  of  Victories  produced  in  Istanbul。  The  most

prominent  Ottoman  miniaturists;  including  Osman  the  Miniaturist  (Master

Osman) and his disciples; contributed to them。

1576: Shah Tahmasp’s Peace Offering to the Ottomans。 After decades of

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